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From Crisis to Governance – The Energy Community Ten Years On journal article

Dirk Buschle

European Networks Law & Regulation Quarterly, Volume 3 (2015), Issue 4, Page 236 - 242

In 2015, the Energy Community celebrated the first ten years of its existence. Conceptually, the Energy Community establishes a new governance system for a pan-European energy space. In practice, some of the EU’s most important energy neighbours such as Ukraine or the countries in the Western Balkans have been reformed and integrated in the internal market through the Energy Community. Based on a lecture given earlier this year, this article sheds some light on the Energy Community’s experience, its achievements and challenges as well as its relevance for a future Energy Union.


Unbundling of State-owned Transmission System Operators – Effective Remedy or Eyewash? journal article

Dirk Buschle

European Networks Law & Regulation Quarterly, Volume 1 (2013), Issue 1, Page 49 - 64

Unbundling vertically integrated energy companies with the goal to spin-off and neutralize (transmission) system operation lies at the heart of the Third Package of European energy legislation, and namely Directives 2009/72/EC (electricity)1 and 2009/73/ EC (gas).2 The tug-of-war for an appropriate unbundling model also determined the public and academic debate at the time. This is not the place for yet another account of the evolution of the unbundling rules.3 Three different options were finally included in both the Electricity and Gas Directives.

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